Directions (Q. 1-5): Five statements are given below labeled 1,2,3,4 and 5. Among these, four statements are in logical order and form a coherent paragraph/ passage. From the given options, choose the option that does not fit into the theme of the passage.
1. (4)
1) We all pay taxes to the government in some form or the other in our daily lives.
2) These taxes we pay play an important role in different functions that the government performs.
3) There are many responsibilities that the government is required to fulfil.
4) For most countries across the world, tax revenue forms a significant proportion of government revenues.
5) These include ensuring the rule of law; providing public goods and services; building physical and social infrastructure; investing in education of the population; alleviating poverty, etc.
2. (2)
1) A country’s tax-GDP ratio is an important indicator that helps understand how much tax
revenue is being collected by the government as compared to the overall size of the economy.
2) In order to address this, a Finance Commission is set up once every five years to recommend sharing of financial resources between the Centre and the States.
3) A higher tax-GDP ratio gives more room in a government’s budget so that it can spend more without borrowing.
4) However, despite many years of high growth, India’s tax-GDP ratio continues to remain low, so much so that it has the lowest tax-GDP ratio among the BRICS countries.
5) There is, therefore, an urgent need to raise this ratio.
3. (2)
1) Teacher is the central actor to tackle the quality issues.
2) The vision should be to provide opportunities for life-long learning for improvement and up gradation,
3) There are several issues related to teacher that need to be addressed with appropriate policy measures.
4) Recent Teacher Eligibility Tests have revealed that a large proportion of the teacher-aspirants do not qualify despite having requisite academic and professional’ degrees.
5) This highlights -the poor quality of the aspirants who seek to enter the teaching profession.
4.(3)
1) Allocation under the Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gram Jyoti Yojana has been stepped up by `4,814
crore for rural India.
2) This is bound to help not justsolar and wind, but bio-gas and other renewable resources, all of which have been primarily responsible for lighting up thousands of villages that had hitherto remained out of bounds for the regular power-grid, due to logistical reasons.
3) Solar-powered vehicles already introduced in some remote villages, running on improved rural roads that connect farmers to urban market, can provide a good solution to farmers’ post-harvest problems.
4) There is also a reduction in taxes 011 parts and machinery used for the manufacture of components needed in solar power projects.
5) This should reduce the initial investment in solar power.
5. (5)
1) India as an emerging coal-dominant economy has to find its own solutions to climate change.
2) It needs to have a credible response in’ terms of green technology, to fight greenhouse gas
emissions. .
3) As a signatory country to Kyoto Protocol, no commitment for reduction of emissions was required to be made then.
4) However, in the Copenhagen Summit, India volunteered GDP intensity reduction of20-25 per
cent by 2020 from2005 level.
5) The most significant aspect in this forward-looking policy is that-technology would have to find
ways through new research and optimum resource utilisation.
